TPG$3700-$ Major Test $2-06/09/2024$

Question $1$

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Explain why the following statements are incorrect:

$1\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1$ The magnitude of axle load permitted on the South African roads is equal to the standard axle load.

$1\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}2$ During pavement structure design, sensitivity analysis assesses how changes in axle load magnitude affect the pavement class $($ES$).$

$1\mathrm{.}2$ You have been given the task to calculate the current E$80$s on a road section that is assumed to carry the following traffic. The relative damage factor equals $4\mathrm{.}0.$

$\backslash$table$[[$Vehicle type$/$ axle detail,Axle details,Vehicle frequency per day$],[3-$axle truck,$70,100$ and $125$ kN$,5],[2-$axle truck,Rear $60$ and front $40$ kN$,15],[$Service vehicles,$0\mathrm{.}6$ E$80$s per truck,$25],[\backslash$table$[[$Single axle loads in the$],[$range $25$ to $34$ kN$]],$F $=0\mathrm{.}02$ per single axle $(*),100]]$

$(*)F=$ Load equivalency factor.

$1\mathrm{.}3$ A road authority has started planning a new $4-$lane, divided road. The design and construction of the road is expected to take $3$ years from now, afterward, the road will be open to traffic. The following information were made available to you:

SDP is $20$ years, the current ADE is $265$ E$80$s per day$/$ direction, the design distribution factor $(B_e)$ equals $0\mathrm{.}95,$ the annual traffic growth during design and construction period is $3\%,$ and E$80$s growth is $5\%$ per year during SDP$.$ Do the calculations to establish the pavement class $($ES$).$ Hint: calculate the cumulative E$80$s per design lane.

$(12)$

$[30$ marks$]$