True and False

A = True

B= False

1. The Articles of Confederation held together the original thirteen colonies before the adoption of the Constitution.
2. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1787.
3. The U.S. Government is based on three concepts: federalism, checks and balances, and separation of powers.
4. The Judiciary Act of 1789 was also known as "An Act to Establish Superior Courts in the United States.
5. The case or controversy requirement may satisfy federal court jurisdiction when a case is unripe.
6. The ultimate task in any preemption case is to determine whether a state regulation is consistent with the structure and purpose of the statute as a whole.
7. There is no universal agreed to definition for the terms "civil rights" and "liberties".
8. The clause that allows Congress to pass laws is known as the enabling clause.
9. Speech may be indecent and not be legally obscene.
10. In recent years, the Supreme Court extended some first amendment protections to speech that proposes commercial transactions.
11. Speech that includes illegal action is protected the First Amendment.
12. The Establishment Clause put an immediate end to state sponsored churches once it was established.
13. The Court allows more government assistance to religious institutions of higher education than to elementary and secondary schools.
14. The Ashcroft case dealt with the Age Discrimination and Employment Act. In that case, the Court considered whether the Missouri retirement requirement violated Article VI of the United States Constitution.
15. In McCulloch v. State of Maryland, the Court determined that the law passed by Maryland to impose a tax on the Bank of the U.S. was allowable, and thus, constitutional.
16. In Morse v. Frederick, a school violated the First Amendment when a student waived a banner promoting the use of marijuana.
17. In Ontario v. Quon, the Court held that the search was reasonable and did not violate Quon's Fourth Amendment rights.
18. The doctrine of sovereign immunity as applied to state governments was not always recognized under the Constitution.
19. The Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case decided that blacks riding in separate railroad cars did not violate the Equal Protection Clause.
20. The preamble of the U.S. Constitution is a statement that explains the general intent behind the Constitution.