True / False Questions

A) Chapters 5 & 6

1. Most people tend to describe personality by a single dominant characteristic.

True False

2. Observable patterns that last over time form part of the psychodynamic theory.

True False

3. Personality is described as the way people affect others and the manner in which they understand and view themselves, as well as their pattern of inner and outer measurable traits and the person-situation interaction.

True False

4. The study of the role of heredity in the personality of an individual has taken on a new vigor in the last decade or so through studying identical twins.

True False

5. In the physiological/biological approach to the study of personality, the environment is sometimes called the last frontier.

True False

6. Evolutionary psychologists are suggesting that humans may be hardwired' from distant previous generations.

True False

7. People's attempts to understand themselves are called the self-esteem in personality theory.

True False

8. In the personality theory, the self is a unique product of many interacting parts and may be thought of as a personality viewed from the inside.

True False

9. Self-concept has to do with people's self-perceived competence and self-image.

True False

10. The person-situation interaction dimension suggests that people are static, acting basically the same in all scenarios.

True False

11. The term hygiene, in Herzberg's theory, refers to those factors that prevent dissatisfaction.

True False

12. The fact that there are a higher number of employees who are dissatisfied with the raise they get points out that the hygiene factors seem to be important in preventing dissatisfaction but do not lead to satisfaction.

True False

13. According to the Porter-Lawler model, the inference is that employees need to better focus their efforts on high-impact behaviors and activities that result in higher performance.

True False

14. The roots of Porter-Lawler expectancy theory of work motivation can be traced back to cognitive dissonance theory and exchange theory.

True False

15. Inequity occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to other's outcomes and the ratio of a relevant other's input to his or her inputs are unequal.

True False

16. Equity theory supports a perception of distributive justice, which is an individual's cognitive evaluation regarding whether or not the amounts and allocations of rewards in a social setting are fair.

True False

17. Interactional justice is the exchange between the employee and the employing organization.

True False

18. Attribution theory is concerned with the relationship between personal social perception and interpersonal behavior.

True False

19. Harold Kelly stressed that attribution theory is concerned with the intuitive processes by which an individual interprets behavior as being attributed to certain parts of the relevant environment.

True False

20. Employees who perceive external control feel that they personally can influence their outcomes through their own ability, skills or effort.

True False

B) Multiple Choice Questions

1. Some of the historically important definitions for personality have come from all of the following theories EXCEPT:

A. trait theory.

B. psychoanalytical or psychodynamic theory.

C. humanistic theory.

D. social theory.

2. Which of the following technologies allows the measurement of brain activity by mapping specific regions that are linked to specialized roles?

A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

B. Functional magnetic resonance imaging

C. Visual cortex topography

D. Magnetic resonance imaging

3. Which of the following is defined as the self-perceived value that individuals have of themselves as organization members acting within an organization context?'

A. Organization-based self-esteem

B. Organization-based self-concept

C. Organization-based self-confidence

D. Organization-based self-value

4. Which among the following is considered to be more of a global, relatively fixed trait than being a more situation and context specific trait?

A. Self-efficacy

B. Self-esteem

C. Self-control

D. Self-monitoring

5. Which of the following suggests that people are not static, but instead are ever changing and flexible?

A. Socialization process

B. Classical management theory

C. Person-Situation interaction

D. Social cognitive theory

6. Which among these would NOT be included under the specific steps that can lead to successful organizational socialization?

A. Providing an easy first job.

B. Providing relevant training.

C. Providing a relaxed orientation program.

D. Placing new recruits in workgroups with high morale.

7. Ruth is a business analyst in a successful marketing firm. According to her manager Jim, she is dependable, hardworking, and self-disciplined. Considering only the qualities given, Ruth would score high on which of the following trait?

A. Agreeableness

B. Extraversion

C. Openness to experience

D. Conscientiousness

8. Shawn works as an executive in an advertising firm. The management considers him to be an asset for the firm due to his creativity, artistic sensitivity, and imaginative capability. Considering only these qualities, Shawn would score high on which of the following trait?

A. Agreeableness

B. Extraversion

C. Openness to experience

D. Conscientiousness

9. Which of the following trait has the strongest positive correlation with job performance?

A. Conscientiousness

B. Emotional stability

C. Extraversion

D. Agreeableness

10. Put in relation to other organizational behavior areas as a personality trait per se, conscientious employees tend to show all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A. setting higher goals for themselves.

B. responding well to empowerment strategies of human resource management.

C. responding well to job enrichment.

D. being more impulsive.

11. Which of the following theory is based mainly on the cognitive concept of expectancy?

A. Human relations movement

B. Content theories

C. Equity theory

D. Process theories

12. Among the following, who believed that once a given need is satisfied, it no longer serves to motivate?

A. Alderfer

B. Maslow

C. Vroom

D. Herzberg

13. Identify the second need that correctly fits Maslow's needs hierarchy principle.

A. Physiological needs

B. Love needs

C. Esteem needs

D. Safety needs

14. According to Maslow, which of the following corresponds to the unlearned primary needs?

A. Needs for self-actualization

B. Love needs

C. Physiological needs

D. Safety needs

15. According to Maslow's work, which of the following can be deemed the person's motivation to transform perceptions into reality?

A. Self-actualization

B. Physiological needs

C. Safety needs

D. Love needs

16. Severance pay, health insurance, and seniority plans fall under which of the following category in the hierarchy of work motivation?

A. Esteem needs

B. Social needs

C. Security needs

D. Basic needs

17. Responses from the critical incident method showed that reported bad feelings were associated with:

A. job content.

B. job context.

C. job training.

D. job experience.

18. According the two-factor theory, which of the following falls under the category of motivators?

A. Responsibility

B. Company policy

C. Interpersonal relations

D. Supervision

19. According to the two-factor theory, which of the following falls under the category of hygiene factors?

A. Recognition

B. Advancement

C. Salary

D. Work itself

20. Management often faces the problem of dealing with employees who are not motivated despite being provided with high salaries, excellent fringe-benefit packages etc. Which theory offers an explanation for this type of behavior?

A. Hierarchy of needs

B. Two-factor theory

C. Equity theory

D. Alderfer's ERG theory