True or False: Because Ruby allows you to reopen classes at runtime and add or override their methods, Ruby code cannot properly observe the Open/Closed principle.

A. True

B. False

The Inappropriate Intimacy design smell which sometimes manifests as a Mock Trainwreck in unit tests generally signals a violation of which of the following SOLID principles:

A. Single Responsibility

B. Open/Closed

C. Liskov Substitution

D. Injection of Dependencies

E. Demeter

The refused bequest design smell in which a subclass destructively overrides a parent behavior or forces changes to the parent class so that the behavior is not inherited generally signals a violation of which of the following SOLID principles:

A. Single Responsibility

B. Open/Closed

C. Liskov Substitution

D. Injection of Dependencies

E. Demeter

You want to create families of related objects to be used interchangeably to configure your application. Which design pattern is most appropriate to use?

A. Abstract Factory Pattern

B. Composite Pattern

C. Observer Pattern

D. Template Pattern