True or false

41. The GAS is comprised of five basic stages.

42. Although there are many ways to categorize/classify stress, our text suggests that managers focus on two forms: Frustration and anxiety.

43. Frustration is a feeling of inability to cope /deal with anticipated harm. It is characterized by a sense of dread (foreboding) and a persistent apprehension (fear) of the future.

44. Anxiety is when individuals react to an obstruction in their instrumental activities (day-to-day activities) or their pursuit of goal-related conduct.

45. Industrial psychologists have discovered that many work environment -related factors impact the extent to which workers experience stress in the workplace. According to our text, evidence points to four factors as being especially strong influences on stress. One of these four factors is role underutilization.

46. Studies in both the U.S. and Canada reveal that employees consistently have more ulcers and experience more hypertension than their managers/supervisors.

47. Our text defines role ambiguity as the simultaneous occurrence of two (or more) sets of pressures or expectations; compliance with one would make it difficult to comply with the other.

48. The most prevalent feature of role underutilization is monotony a situation where the worker performs the same routine task/tasks over and over.

49. Regarding the relationship between role underutilization and stress, (a) it is inverted ( U-shaped), and (b) workers experience the least stress at the point where an employees abilities and skills are in balance with his/her jobs requirements.

50. Those of us who have an internal locus of control (internals) as opposed to those of us who have an external locus of control (externals) feel that we control much of what occurs in our lives.

51. Internals are more likely to be upset by threats to their personal control of surrounding events than externals.

52. Externals are much less involved in/upset by a constrained work environment, and do not react as emotionally to organizational stress factors.

53. Almost 50 years ago, two San Francisco cardiologists (Friedman and Rosenman), in a best-selling book, entitled Type A Behavior and Your Heart, characterized the Type A personality as dangerous personal influence as it increases stress and subsequent physical harm, including the higher risk of heart disease.

54. The most successful top executives tend to be Type A.

55. Another personal influence on the degree to which we experience stress is the rate of life change that we experience.

56. According to our text, the human bodys provides the energy that we need to cope with life changes. However, when the rate of change surpasses a given level, the endocrine system undergoes overload and malfunctions. The result? We have a lowered defense against viruses and disease.

57. Managers should be aware of the importance of creating and maintaining supportive work groups especially, among workers who are most subject to stress.

58. Studies have revealed that managers with the personal characteristic of hardness were far more susceptible to illness after prolonged stress.

59. Typically, high degrees of stress are accompanied by each of the following: severe anxiety, high blood pressure, and low cholesterol levels.

60. In addition to heart disease, high job stress contributes to several other ailments.