Two approaches can be used for setting objectives the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. There is often a conflict among management theorists as to which is the better method. Which of the following isnot truewith respect to the top-down and bottom-up approaches?

a	In the top-down approach, top-level managers determine objectives for subordinates to follow, while in the bottom-up approach, subordinates formulate objectives and present them to their superiors for approval
b	As per supporters of the top-down approach, the organization needs clarity in direction by way of corporate objectives set by the CEO and the board of directors
c	As per proponents of the bottom-up approach, top management should ascertain information from lower levels in the form of objectives
d	Either approach alone is insufficient
e	These approaches cannot be modified and there are hard and fast rules which indicate in which situation each approach should be used.