Two scientists just performed DNA sequencing on $12,347$ tumors from $27$ different types of cancer. What would you expect to be the most commonly mutated gene and why

The gene encoding E$-$cadherin since it is considered the guardian of the genome and acts primarily to prevent metastasis.

The gene encoding Rb since it is considered the guardian of the genome and acts primarily to prevent metastasis.

The gene encoding p$53$ since it is considered the guardian of the genome and acts to direct DNA damage repair and trigger apoptosis.

The gene encoding p$53$ since it is directly responsible for DNA repair damage.