Unit operation in feed manufacturing includes washing, shredding, drying, grinding, mixing, soaking, pelleting, cooling, screening, and packing. The raw materials are corn, palay, and chayote. The incoming raw materials will undergo weighing and testing to check if they met the nutrient requirements. Other raw materials are only seasonally available on the market. To ensure these materials will be stored in well-ventilated storage, which is also protected against infestation by insects. Raw materials that passed the nutrition tests will enter the washing machine, W-101, with the aid of a personnel. The water entering the washing machine, W-101, will be supplied by the La Trinidad Water District. The cleaning process is removing the impurities of the raw materials such as rope, corn cob etc., and equipped with a flow rate control indicator to control the water that are entering the washing machine and a speed control indicator in the exit stream that will control the speed of the leaving raw material with the aid of a bucket elevator conveyor belt that will enter the shredding machine. The washed raw materials are entering the shredding machine, V-101, with a bucket elevator, and the stream will be controlled by a speed control indicator. Crushing is an important step for the creation of high-quality pellets, since the finer the raw materials, the easier the gelatinization, therefore more efficient will be the process of making pellets.The exit stream from the shredding machine, V-101, produced with about 30 mm of the shredded raw materials will enter at the top of the vegetable dryer, V-101 with a bucket elevator conveyor belt.

The horizontal fluidized bed dryer perform continuous forward movement in horizontal direction under the action of vibration force, and the hot wind passes through fluid bed and the wet raw materials are heated continuously. The vegetable dryer, V-101, has a temperature indicator that will display and monitor the temperature. The feed raw materials will be dry at 80-90 degrees Celsius until it reached a moisture content of about 10-12 percent, and the dried raw materials will discharge in the discharge gate that will enter into the top of the hammer mill with the aid of an incline hopper feed conveyor. Upon reaching the desired moisture content, the exit stream from the vegetable dryer, D-101, will enter the hammer mill, H-101. A 125 hp hammer mill will be used in the grinding process. A weight control valve is located ahead to permit the transfer of the materials and check the weight flow rate. The process of grinding aids the vitamins and enzymes to incorporate well. Speed control is attached to the hammer mill, H-101. Grinding the feed is an important function of feed manufacturing. Grinding removes the clumps and huge fragments; it will partly reduce the moisture content due to aeration, and it will mix all the additives. However, the moisture content of the feed entering the hammer mill, H-101, should be lower than 15% since materials with a moisture content higher than 15% will weaken the performance of the hammer mill. After grinding, the exit stream will enter the feed mixer, M-101 through a hopper feed conveyor.

A pressure indicator is located ahead to monitor the pressure. The feed mixer, M-101, is equipped with a level control indicator and a viscosity indicator; a mixture with a viscosity lower than 0.01 Pa-s will affect the nutritional value of the feeds. In the mixing process, all dry and wet ingredients are mixed simultaneously. While preparing the mash feed, the mixed batch directly goes for packing. The powdered materials will enter the top of a feed mixer, M101, where the mixing will be 10-15 minutes, then the mixture will enter the vessel for soaking, S-102 through a series of pump, P-102 A/B, where a pressure indicator valve is located ahead. The feed will be soaked for 5-10 minutes to wet the surface of the feed particles, which will soften its texture for better compression. A control valve is located ahead to control the exit stream from the vessel for soaking, S-102 that will enter the feed pellet mill, F-101. The feed pellet mill, F-101, is equipped with a pressure switch. The mixture will enter a plate for cold pelleting. The moisture content required for cold pelleting is 15-16%; if it is lower than the standard moisture content, water will then be added; compaction will be used in the process of pelleting, where the mash is compacted by forcing the feed through a set of rollers. The compacted feed with a temperature of about 90 degrees Celsius is then cut to desired lengths to form feed pellets. Controlled by a valve, the pellets from the exit stream of the feed pellet mill, F-1011, will enter the feed pellet cooler, E-101. The hard pellets are cooled through the feed pellet cooler, E-101, to ambient temperature and brought to a moisture content slightly above that of the entering soft feed. The cooled pellets from the exit stream of the feel pellet cooler, E-101, will enter the rotary screen, R-101 through P-103 A/B, where a pressure indicator is attached. Screening is needed to be done since some powders or fines are produced from the grinding process and as pellets passed through the feed pellet cooler, E-101. The fines will be returned to the feed pellet mill, H-101, for reprocessing or used as a feed for small fishes. After removing fines, a flow indicator valve will control the exit stream the and the pellet form were sent to the packaging machine through an inclined bucket belt conveyor. The final product will be in a bag of 50kg.

Unit operation in feed manufacturing includes washing, shredding, drying, grinding, mixing, soaking, pelleting, cooling, screening, and packing. The raw materials are corn, palay, and chayote. The incoming raw materials will undergo weighing and testing to check if they met the nutrient requirements. Other raw materials are only seasonally available on the market. To ensure these materials will be stored in well-ventilated storage, which is also protected against infestation by insects. Raw materials that passed the nutrition tests will enter the washing machine, W-101, with the aid of a personnel. The water entering the washing machine, W-101, will be supplied by the La Trinidad Water District. The cleaning process is removing the impurities of the raw materials such as rope, corn cob etc., and equipped with a flow rate control indicator to control the water that are entering the washing machine and a speed control indicator in the exit stream that will control the speed of the leaving raw material with the aid of a bucket elevator conveyor belt that will enter the shredding machine. The washed raw materials are entering the shredding machine, V-101, with a bucket elevator, and the stream will be controlled by a speed control indicator. Crushing is an important step for the creation of high-quality pellets, since the finer the raw materials, the easier the gelatinization, therefore more efficient will be the process of making pellets.The exit stream from the shredding machine, V-101, produced with about 30 mm of the shredded raw materials will enter at the top of the vegetable dryer, V-101 with a bucket elevator conveyor belt.

The horizontal fluidized bed dryer perform continuous forward movement in horizontal direction under the action of vibration force, and the hot wind passes through fluid bed and the wet raw materials are heated continuously. The vegetable dryer, V-101, has a temperature indicator that will display and monitor the temperature. The feed raw materials will be dry at 80-90 degrees Celsius until it reached a moisture content of about 10-12 percent, and the dried raw materials will discharge in the discharge gate that will enter into the top of the hammer mill with the aid of an incline hopper feed conveyor. Upon reaching the desired moisture content, the exit stream from the vegetable dryer, D-101, will enter the hammer mill, H-101. A 125 hp hammer mill will be used in the grinding process. A weight control valve is located ahead to permit the transfer of the materials and check the weight flow rate. The process of grinding aids the vitamins and enzymes to incorporate well. Speed control is attached to the hammer mill, H-101. Grinding the feed is an important function of feed manufacturing. Grinding removes the clumps and huge fragments; it will partly reduce the moisture content due to aeration, and it will mix all the additives. However, the moisture content of the feed entering the hammer mill, H-101, should be lower than 15% since materials with a moisture content higher than 15% will weaken the performance of the hammer mill. After grinding, the exit stream will enter the feed mixer, M-101 through a hopper feed conveyor.

A pressure indicator is located ahead to monitor the pressure. The feed mixer, M-101, is equipped with a level control indicator and a viscosity indicator; a mixture with a viscosity lower than 0.01 Pa-s will affect the nutritional value of the feeds. In the mixing process, all dry and wet ingredients are mixed simultaneously. While preparing the mash feed, the mixed batch directly goes for packing. The powdered materials will enter the top of a feed mixer, M101, where the mixing will be 10-15 minutes, then the mixture will enter the vessel for soaking, S-102 through a series of pump, P-102 A/B, where a pressure indicator valve is located ahead. The feed will be soaked for 5-10 minutes to wet the surface of the feed particles, which will soften its texture for better compression. A control valve is located ahead to control the exit stream from the vessel for soaking, S-102 that will enter the feed pellet mill, F-101. The feed pellet mill, F-101, is equipped with a pressure switch. The mixture will enter a plate for cold pelleting. The moisture content required for cold pelleting is 15-16%; if it is lower than the standard moisture content, water will then be added; compaction will be used in the process of pelleting, where the mash is compacted by forcing the feed through a set of rollers. The compacted feed with a temperature of about 90 degrees Celsius is then cut to desired lengths to form feed pellets. Controlled by a valve, the pellets from the exit stream of the feed pellet mill, F-1011, will enter the feed pellet cooler, E-101. The hard pellets are cooled through the feed pellet cooler, E-101, to ambient temperature and brought to a moisture content slightly above that of the entering soft feed. The cooled pellets from the exit stream of the feel pellet cooler, E-101, will enter the rotary screen, R-101 through P-103 A/B, where a pressure indicator is attached. Screening is needed to be done since some powders or fines are produced from the grinding process and as pellets passed through the feed pellet cooler, E-101. The fines will be returned to the feed pellet mill, H-101, for reprocessing or used as a feed for small fishes. After removing fines, a flow indicator valve will control the exit stream the and the pellet form were sent to the packaging machine through an inclined bucket belt conveyor. The final product will be in a bag of 50kg.

Draw the Process Flow Diagram and Piping & Instrumentation Diagram(P&ID).