unix

For questions a and b, write out two different ways (using numerical and letter methods) to change the permissions of the file "thing.txt" to the permissions specified. a. User has read, execute permissions, group has read permissions, other has write and execute permissions b. User has no permissions, group has read write execute permissions, other has write permissions c. What are the default permissions of a newly created text file? d. What are the default permissions of a newly created directory? WHY does it differ from the permissions of a new text file? Name one command that would not produce the desired result when a directory that is not executable is used as a parameter to the command.