Upon calculating this result, you want to get a little more specific. Before conducting the exam, you assumed drinking coffee would be associated with higher exam scores as opposed to not drinking coffee.

a. What are contrast coefficients that can be used to test this specific difference? (Be sure to assign the contrasts to the correct groups!)

b. Calculate SSp_____________

c. What is MSp? Why? __________

d. calculate Fp _______________

e. what is the F_{critical ______________}

f. what is your decision (using statistical language)? What does your decision mean?

follow up question

1. The above hypothesis was the only one that you anticipated prior to conducting the study. Let's say that you wanted to explore other potential differences. What could you do? Be specific!