**Urban Resilience Planning: A Case Study on Infrastructure Interdependency**

**Introduction:** Urban resilience planning is a multifaceted approach aimed at enhancing a city's ability to withstand, adapt to, and recover from various shocks and stresses. An integral aspect of urban resilience is understanding and managing infrastructure interdependency the interconnectedness of critical systems that support urban life.

**Case Study: Infrastructure Interdependency in City X**

**Step 1: Overview of City X's Infrastructure Landscape:** City X is a rapidly growing metropolis with a diverse and intricate infrastructure network comprising transportation, energy, water, telecommunications, and public services. The city's resilience planning team recognizes the importance of understanding how these systems interact to ensure the city's ability to function effectively in the face of disruptions.

**Step 2: Identifying Interdependencies:** In-depth analysis reveals that the transportation system relies heavily on a stable energy supply for operations. Simultaneously, the energy grid depends on a consistent water supply for cooling systems in power plants. Telecommunications infrastructure is vital for coordinating emergency responses, and public services are intertwined with all other systems.

**Step 3: Resilience Strategies:** City X develops resilience strategies to address infrastructure interdependencies. Initiatives include:

a) **Diversification of Energy Sources:** By incorporating renewable energy options, City X reduces its reliance on a single energy source, enhancing energy resilience.

b) **Smart Transportation Systems:** Implementing intelligent transportation systems improves traffic flow and minimizes energy consumption, positively impacting both the transportation and energy grids.

c) **Integrated Emergency Response:** Establishing a unified emergency response system that utilizes advanced telecommunications ensures quick and effective coordination during crises.

**Objective Question:** **Which resilience strategy for managing infrastructure interdependencies focuses on reducing reliance on a single energy source?**

a) Smart Transportation Systems b) Integrated Emergency Response c) Diversification of Energy Sources d) Telecommunications Infrastructure Upgrades