Use Python 3 to build a 2048 Game:

Task 1

Your first task will be to implement the function createGrid() that takes two parameters row and col and returns the grid for the game. You will be using a list of lists to represent the grid. The list should contain row number of lists, each with a length col. All the elements of this data structure should be 0.

Task 2

Once you are finished with Task 1, you can begin this task. Be sure to erase the test code from the previous task. Now, you will implement the setCell()and getCell() functions to set and access values in the grid. We can imagine the elements of the grid to be associated with a cell number. That is each element of the grid is a cell. S_o, in a (4 x 4) grid, the cells are numbered 0 through 15. As a result, instead of accessing an element using, say, grid._grid[1][2], we access that element with grid.getCell(6). Implement setCell() such that it takes two arguments, cell and val, and assigns the value of val to cell number cell in the grid. Implement getCell() such that it takes an argument, cell, and returns the value in the grid at cell number cell.

Task 3

Implement the collapsible() function. This function should return True if the grid can be collapsed in any of the four directions. It should return False otherwise. Uncomment the line near the bottom that calls the function testCollapsible() and run the file with Python. If your implementation is correct it should print that all the tests have passed.

Hint: One way to know if the grid is collapsible is if there is an empty tile in the grid.

Task 4

In Task 4 you must complete the collapseRow() function. This function is given a list of numbers as an argument and it should return a LEFT-collapsed list, and a True if the list was collapsed or False if it was not. The code for your function must collapse the list conforming to the rules of 2048. That is, if it is passed the list [2, 0, 2, 4], after collapsing to the left the function should return the list [4, 4, 0, 0]. In order to test your implementation, you can use the tests.py file that is given to you. Uncomment the line near the bottom that calls the function testCollapseRow() and run the file with Python. If your implementation is correct it should print that all the tests have passed.

Task 5

In this task, you will use the collapseRow() function to implement collapseLeft(), collapseRight(), collapseDown() and collapseUp(). For collapseLeft(), you merely need to collapse every row of the grid using collapseRow(). collapseRight() is implemented similarly except, in this case, you would reverse each row before collapsing them. Use this idea, to implement collapseDown() and collapseUp(). All four functions should return True if the grid was collapsed and False otherwise.

Task 6

Implement the function updateEmptiesSet(). This function is used after every collapse action in the game. The function should update the emptiesSet list to contain the new set of empty cells after a collapse. Tests for this function can be found in the tests.py file.

SKELETON CODE

import random as rnd import os import sys

class Grid(): def __init__(self, row=4, col=4, initial=2): self.row = row # number of rows in grid self.col = col # number of columns in grid self.initial = initial # number of initial cells filled self.score = 0

self._grid = self.createGrid(row, col) # creates the grid specified above

self.emptiesSet = list(range(row * col)) # list of empty cells

for _ in range(self.initial): # assignation to two random cells self.assignRandCell(init=True)

def createGrid(self, row, col):

""" Create the grid here using the arguments row and col as the number of rows and columns of the grid to be made.

The function should return the grid to be used in __init__() """

pass

def setCell(self, cell, val):

""" This function should take two arguments cell and val and assign the cell of the grid numbered 'cell' the value in val.

This function does not need to return anything.

You should use this function to change values of the grid. """

pass

def getCell(self, cell):

"""" This function should return the value in cell number 'cell' of the grid.

You should use this function to access values of the grid """

pass

def assignRandCell(self, init=False):

""" This function assigns a random empty cell of the grid a value of 2 or 4.

In __init__() it only assigns cells the value of 2.

The distribution is set so that 75% of the time the random cell is assigned a value of 2 and 25% of the time a random cell is assigned a value of 4 """

if len(self.emptiesSet): cell = rnd.sample(self.emptiesSet, 1)[0] if init: self.setCell(cell, 2) else: cdf = rnd.random() if cdf > 0.75: self.setCell(cell, 4) else: self.setCell(cell, 2) self.emptiesSet.remove(cell)

def drawGrid(self):

""" This function draws the grid representing the state of the game grid """

for i in range(self.row): line = '\t|' for j in range(self.col): if not self.getCell((i * self.row) + j): line += ' '.center(5) + '|' else: line += str(self.getCell((i * self.row) + j)).center(5) + '|' print(line) print()

def updateEmptiesSet(self):

""" This function should update the list of empty cells of the grid. """

pass

def collapsible(self):

""" This function should test if the grid of the game is collapsible in any direction (left, right, up or down.)

It should return True if the grid is collapsible. It should return False otherwise. """

pass

def collapseRow(self, lst):

""" This function takes a list lst and collapses it to the LEFT.

This function should return two values: 1. the collapsed list and 2. True if the list is collapsed and False otherwise. """

pass

def collapseLeft(self):

""" This function should use collapseRow() to collapse all the rows in the grid to the LEFT.

This function should return True if any row of the grid is collapsed and False otherwise. """

pass

def collapseRight(self):

""" This function should use collapseRow() to collapse all the rows in the grid to the RIGHT.

This function should return True if any row of the grid is collapsed and False otherwise. """

pass

def collapseUp(self):

""" This function should use collapseRow() to collapse all the columns in the grid to UPWARD.

This function should return True if any column of the grid is collapsed and False otherwise. """

pass

def collapseDown(self):

""" This function should use collapseRow() to collapse all the columns in the grid to DOWNWARD.

This function should return True if any column of the grid is collapsed and False otherwise. """

pass

class Game(): def __init__(self, row=4, col=4, initial=2):

""" Creates a game grid and begins the game """

self.game = Grid(row, col, initial) self.play()

def printPrompt(self):

""" Prints the instructions and the game grid with a move prompt """

if sys.platform == 'win32': os.system("cls") else: os.system("clear")

print('Press "w", "a", "s", or "d" to move Up, Left, Down or Right respectively.') print('Enter "p" to quit. ') self.game.drawGrid() print(' Score: ' + str(self.game.score))

def play(self):

moves = {'w' : 'Up', 'a' : 'Left', 's' : 'Down', 'd' : 'Right'}

stop = False collapsible = True

while not stop and collapsible: self.printPrompt() key = input(' Enter a move: ')

while not key in list(moves.keys()) + ['p']: self.printPrompt() key = input(' Enter a move: ')

if key == 'p': stop = True else: move = getattr(self.game, 'collapse' + moves[key]) collapsed = move()

if collapsed: self.game.updateEmptiesSet() self.game.assignRandCell()

collapsible = self.game.collapsible()

if not collapsible: if sys.platform == 'win32': os.system("cls") else: os.system("clear") print() self.game.drawGrid() print(' Score: ' + str(self.game.score)) print('No more legal moves.')

def main(): game = Game()

#main()

Checked the code is working fine.