Use the Excerpt from research and the chart below to answer the following items.

The study consisted of 183 school social workers, 137 school psychologists, and 166 school counselors.All were members of their respective national professional organizations. Each organization provided the researcher with mailing labels for a random sample of 400 current members.The 1,200 randomly selected professionals were mailed survey questionnaires. The 486 returned surveys represent a response rate of 40.5%. Each respondent was asked to indicate the proportion of his or her professional time actually dedicated to each of the 21 roles, as well as the proportion of professional time he or she would ideally devote to each role.

Table 1 Mean Proportion of Time School Counselors Actually and Would Ideally Devote to Each of 21 Professional Roles Actual Ideal M% SD M% SD 1. Individual counseling 2. Group counseling 153 19.67 15.78 26.20 152 18.14 7.98 -5.80+ 3. Crisis intervention 9.82 13.76 152 4.76 10.11 -8.98* * 4. Conflict resolution 4.80 5. Academic advisement 152 3.17 3.07 3.76 4.46 5.34*W 5.74 8.66 6. Vocational interest testing 152 5.74 8.66 3.54**# 152 5.11 2.60 7.98 1.82 7. Academic scheduling 1.10 8. College advisement 151 1.66 7.23 3.01 10.00 -2.14+ 151 2.44 4.36 9. Providing staff training 4.65 8.37 151 5.42 7.30* *# 1.22 9.31 1.80 152 2.16 -1.96 10. Program development 3.64 4.17 2.69 -5.58*#* 3.97 3.42 -1.26 Table 1 continued 11. Making referrals 12. Staff meetings 152 4.59 5.18 3.58 13. Research 152 3.34 3.81 3.45*#* 152 3.83 2.13 2.80 0.77 5.50*** 14. Personal professional development 1.58 15. Parent education 153 1.38 2.88 2.69 3.29 -3.71*** 3.84 3.04 -3.27*** 16. Parent consultation 153 1.36 1.73 2.88 2.87 -7.06*+* 17. Administrator and/or teacher consultation 153 5.24 18. Report writing 153 5.05 8.03 5.00 4.37 7.22 6.73 0.77 5.41 2.92# # 19. Psychometric testing 153 2.30 153 3.35 0.41 1.12 20. Community outreach 152 1.33 2.47 0.26 0.92 21. Assessing psychosocial adjustment 0.90 152 1.60 0.99 1.78 1.82 1.21 2.97 -4.02+#* "p<.05.>