Use the information for the following problem(s).

Central Valley Transit Inc. (CVT) has just signed a contract to purchase light rail cars from a manufacturer in Germany for euro 3,000,000. The purchase was made in June with payment due six months later in December. Because this is a sizable contract for the firm and because the contract is in euros rather than dollars, CVT is considering several hedging alternatives to reduce the exchange rate risk arising from the sale. To help the firm make a hedging decision you have gathered the following information.

The spot exchange rate is $1.250/euro

The six month forward rate is $1.22/euro

CVT's cost of capital is 11%

The Euro zone

6month

borrowing rate is 9% (or 4.5% for 6 months)

The Euro zone

6month

lending rate is 7% (or 3.5% for 6 months)

The U.S.

6month

borrowing rate is 8% (or 4% for 6 months)

The U.S.

6month

lending rate is 6% (or 3% for 6 months)

December call options for euro 750,000; strike price $1.28, premium price is 1.5%

CVT's forecast for

6month

spot rates is $1.27/euro

The budget rate, or the highest acceptable purchase price for this project, is $3,900,000 or $1.30/euro

Refer to Instruction 10.1. If CVT locks in the forward hedge at $1.22/euro, and the spot rate when the transaction was recorded on the books was $1.25/euro, this will result in a "foreign exchange accounting transaction ________ of ________.