• Use the Walden Library Course Guide and Assignment Help found in this week's Learning Resources to search for and select a quantitative article that interests you and that has social change implications.
• As you read the article, reflect on George Box's quote in the introduction for this Discussion.
• For additional support, review theSkill Builder: Independent and Dependent Variables.

Post a very brief description (1-3 sentences) of the article you found and address the following:

1. Describe how you think the research in the article is useful (e.g., what population is it helping? What problem is it solving?).
2. Using Y=f(X) +E notation, identify the independent and dependent variables.
3. How might the research models presented be wrong? What types of error might be present in the reported research?

Be sure to support your Main Post and Response Post with reference to the week's Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Please relate to the Article you use for this Assignment or incorporate it

Explanation:

Step 1:

How to identify the independent and dependent variables in a research study and discuss common sources of error in research models:

Identifying Independent and Dependent Variables:

• In the Y = f(X) + E notation, Y represents the dependent variable, which is the outcome or the variable that you are trying to explain or predict.
• X represents one or more independent variables, which are the factors or variables that are hypothesised to influence or explain the changes in the dependent variable.
• E represents the error term, which accounts for unexplained variation or randomness in the dependent variable that cannot be attributed to the independent variables.

Usefulness of Research:

To evaluate the usefulness of a research article, you need to consider the context and the specific research question it addresses. Some common ways research can be useful include:

• Solving a real-world problem: Research may provide insights or solutions to issues affecting a particular population or industry.
• Advancing scientific knowledge: Research can expand our understanding of a phenomenon, contributing to the broader body of knowledge.
• Guiding policy or practice: Findings from research can inform decisions made by policymakers, practitioners, or individuals.

Potential Errors in Research Models:

• Sampling Bias: If the sample used in the study is not representative of the population of interest, the results may not be generalisable.
• Measurement Error: Errors in measuring variables can lead to inaccurate results. This can include errors in data collection methods, instruments, or human error.
• Confounding Variables: Failure to account for or control confounding variables (variables that affect both the independent and dependent variables) can lead to incorrect conclusions.
• Selection Bias: If certain groups are systematically excluded from the study or if participation is voluntary, selection bias can occur.
• Causation vs. Correlation: Inferring causation from correlation without appropriate experimental design or controls can lead to erroneous conclusions.
• Publication Bias: Studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published, which can skew the literature toward positive findings.

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