Use three significant figures (decimal places) when reporting answers that include decimals.

1.6 points (2 points each).Imagine that we want to evaluate the potential influence of a third variable, household income, on three research scenarios that are like those posed in homework 1 problem 7. Specifically let's consider the following:

(A) How might average (median) household income affect the relationship between the duration of democracy (independent variable) and social movement participation (dependent variable)?

(B) How might average (median) household income affect the relationship between mother's educational attainment (independent variable) and respondent's educational attainment (dependent variable)?

(C) How might average (median) household income of families within a school district's boundaries affect the relationship between teachers' educational attainment (independent variable) and test scores (dependent variable)?

For each of the above, decide whether this third variable (household income) is most likely to be a potential source of spuriousness, a possible mechanism/intervenor, or a possible modifier/interaction when it is added to the bivariate relationships implied in the prompts above. For 1A, 1B, and 1C explain your choice inone or twosentences showing how the additional income variable is related to the independent and dependent variables. (You should end up with 1 explanation and you might include 1 diagram for each part 1A, 1B, and 1C). There is no single correct answer for each. Just explain your reasoning.

2. 9 points. According to the National Center for Health Statistics (a division of CDC),there were 2,813,503 deaths in the United States in 2017. The leading causes of death included: Alzheimer's 4.3%; accidents 6.5%; cancer 21.3%; cerebrovascular (stroke) 5.2%; chronic lower respiratory 5.7%, diabetes 3%; heart disease 23%; Influenza/Pneumonia 2%; Other 29%

1. Generate a bar graph to display these data. 5 points.(by hand or by using software)
2. In one sentence, briefly explain why a bar chart is the appropriate type of graph for this data?2 points.
3. Imagine that the actual number of deaths in 2017 (approx. 2.813 million) attributed to the causes noted above remained the same in 2022 as it was in 2017. Additionally, CDC indicates that there were approximately 186,702 COVID deaths in 2022. If we add these 186,702 deaths to the approximately 2.813 million deaths, where would COVID rank as a leading cause of death in 2022? (NOTE: "Other" is not a singular cause of death and should not be included in the ranking) Choose rank below (1 point)

• First
• Second
• Third
• Fourth
• Fifth

Briefly demonstrate why your answer is accurate using calculations to the nearest thousand (ie COVID-19 to the nearest thousand is 187,000).1 point.