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Apples Production Process

Apple is one of the unique companies that leads the market through its designs and creative, innovative products. For years, Apple products have attracted users love, achieving the so-called empathic design challenge. On a frequent basis each year, Apple unveils to the market new innovative products that strengthen its competency in comparison to other computer and mobile manufacturers in the market. we would like to describe and demonstrate the details of Apples manufacturing process.

Most of us follow Apple leaks daily and enjoy seeing the part of the process of how Apple goes from a mere idea to a fully functional device that ends up selling worldwide.

1. It All Starts with Product Design

One of the things that make Apple unique is that design is its main concern. In most companies, engineers work on a product first, and once it meets all the technical requirements, its sent to the design team, who make its design based on what the engineers produced. Theres a team that works on the design that meets Apples standards, then that design is sent to the engineers to make the tech fit the mold that was sent to them.

Once a future product is approved, Apple sends the project to the design team to work on. To prevent anything from leaking out, this team is not allowed to talk about what they are doing, only report it to executives. Its so secret, in fact, that there are special rooms with security measures such as body cameras for everyone inside, or even security personnel making sure only those who are allowed to enter that room are in it.

2. Ideas

At this stage, senior managers express their interest in creating a new product, and basic brief information about it is discussed. There is not yet a complete or visual concept for the product. This stage includes discussing the new product idea and making initial sketches.

3. Product Start-Up Created

Once the product is defined, there is an internal start-up phase that works separately from the rest of the team to focus on the new products development. The new product start-up team is separated using office barriers and sometimes receives a part of the buildings offices dedicated to its workflow. This procedure frees the new product team from the companys regular structure and helps focus on the development process.

4. Prototyping

Also called the pixel-perfect prototypes and 10 to 3 to 1, this stage is the start of creating the new product mockup. This process takes a lot of time and effort but helps develop a visual for the project.

The name 10 to 3 to 1 comes from the way the prototype is selected. First, the design team has complete freedom to explore its members creative ideas by designing 10 concepts. Then three concepts are selected as finalists, and finally they select one final product to use during the process.

5. Apple New Product Process (ANPP)

There are several phases to this design process, all detailed in what is commonly known among employees as the Apple New Product Process (ANPP). Here, the design team has everything they need to start working on the device. It lays out what they need to design, who needs to design each phase, when they need to deliver the devices final version, among other important details.

6. Weekly Executive Team Review

There is a weekly meeting, usually on Mondays, where an Apple executive reviews the design the team is working on, gives them feedback, and ultimately approves or rejects the design. If it fails this test, the team will make notes of the things that should be changed and will take care of them immediately after the meeting. After that, the first thing the executive will do is review the design at the next meeting with that team.

If its approved, its passed on to the engineering team, who will think about all the internal parts, how they work, and other technical details. If they find that something is not feasible or needs to be changed, they send it to the design team who tries to solve the problem, and then there is another meeting to approve the new design. This back and forth usually happens several times during the manufacturing of all Apple products.

7. Engineering Validation Test (EVT)

Well now move on to whats called the Engineering Validation Test (EVT). In this phase, engineers try to build several prototypes to see if what they developed with the design team works as it should, or if there are problems that must be fixed. If that fails, the prototype goes back to the first step of development to solve the problems found.

8. Design Validation Test (DVT).

The next phase is called Design Validation Test (DVT). In this phase, the company checks if its possible to mass-produce the device while keeping the design intact and making sure that all internal components work as they should.

9. Product Validation Test (PVT).

Finally, there is the Product Validation Test (PVT). This is where what has already been tested in the DVT phase is further validated on a much larger scale. This is about 10% of all devices that are sold. If everything is in order and there are no other problems, these devices could be sold to customers after some modifications.

ANPP. is not the original concept of the company but was used in the manufacturing of Macintosh. It tells about the stages of development and responsible for the completion of the manufacturing process. It decides who will work for the designing and when it will be completed.

Once the production completed, it is again designed and tested

There are leaks that there is a display version of the iPhone thats ever been released. In turns, Apple if one built a product redesign it and sends it to production procedure again. This process takes about 4-6 weeks to gather the workers of Apple which are responsible for leakage. The EPM, then send back the beta device to Cupertino for testing and comments hopes that the iteration of new product. So many versions of a given product are completed. This is a very expensive way of designing a product, but in Apple it is a standard.

If everything works properly, Apple makes the product and finally releases it to the public. Thats how a device goes from a simple idea to the homes of millions of people around the world!

Operations Management

It is easy to lose sight of the process that Apple needs to go through to build a final product like an iPhone because as consumers, we only consume. This process of going from raw materials to the final product is known as operations management.

Apple enjoys a unique position in the market in that it does not look to measure and investigate customer requirements but looks to create customer needs by offering innovative and feature-rich products, which at first sight the customer do not require but soon become a need through use of the product.

Another issue that most research in the area of operations management seen in the light of globalization and environmental pressures misses is the need to think local while going global. The reducing quantities of available natural resources, especially oil, and the disagreement on use of nuclear energy, the only viable alternative and increasing pressure on issues related to climate change require companies to rethink their strategies. Apple, in its manufacturing processes emitted 3.87 million tons of greenhouse gases in 2010, added to this is the 5.40 million tons that the use of their products by their customers added to the burden. These together represent 91% of the total emissions of pollutants for which Apple is responsible. While Apple, in various statements on its website, says that they are taking proactive action on these issues and are industry leaders in this respect, we believe Apple has to keep an eye on the future and use its strengths of innovation and agile management to initiate action that will help it and the industry. Steve Jobs says that Apple is far ahead of competitors in these areas and by 2010 Apple will be recycling about 28% of its product in America compared to Dell or HP who achieve about 10%. A reason behind this, Steve explains, is the use of high-quality materials that recyclers look for.

Apple has taken a number of actions on its own and in compliance with government regulations to mitigate its impact on the environment. Some of the salient actions are the phasing out of lead batteries in 1991, stoppage of use of CFCs in manufacturing, and implementation of the ISO 14000 quality standards in 1996. In 2000, all its manufacturing sites were ISO 14001 certified.