Using as reference: The Constitution: Major Cases & Conflicts 4th Edition by Gloria J Browne-Marshall, answer the following questions.

A. Read: Loving v. Virginia. Pages. 79-84

1. Name of the case: Loving v. Virginia 338 U.S. 1 (1967)

Facts:

Holding: (e.g Marshall, CJ) The U.S. Supreme Court held...

Concurring Opinion:

Dissenting Opinion:

What is the Court trying to protect?

2. AnswerLoving questions at end of case

The Virginia anti-misgeneration law is derived from colonial laws and later enforced by the courts decision in poesy v. Ferguson .

i. How is federalism involved in this case?

2. What was the punishment awarded to the Loving's by the trail court?

3. When does the law recognize intent to marry to be in violation of the law? What laws applied to interracial visitors?

B. Read both cases:Brown v. Board I and Brown v. Board II. Answer questions. pp. 76 - .Brown v. Board I of Topeka 1. The decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was influenced by political situations as well as legal principles. What is the political situation facing the court?

2. Segregation in schools and higher education were fought to establish equality in educational institutions . Discuss the role played by federalism in the court's decision .

3. This decision ended segregation in public schools. However , it was limited to public schools .The court in Poesy addressed public schools in particular. Why would public schools be of such importance to segregation and integration practices ?

4. De jure is segregation by law. De facto is segregation by tradition or custom. Decades after Brown, public schools in major cities remained segregated. Why?

Answer questions. pp. 78- .Brown v. Board II. of Topeka

In Brown v. Board II, civil rights organizations sought implementation of the Brown 1 decision. The Supreme Court gave the power of developing desegregation plans to the school districts. A Federal three-judge court was formed to oversee the implementation of those plans. Litigation arose from nearly every aspect of desegregation . Busing, teacher salaries, facilities , and in-school segregation were only a few of the issues that were adjudicated by these three-judge courts.

1. Given the decades of litigation and dispiriting results, what can be said about the time frame "all deliberate speed"

2. Brown 1 and Brown 2 were considered political decisions . If so, political issues are involved and why?

3. What are the issues of federalism in Brown 2?

C. Define these vocabulary words: de jure discrimination, de facto discrimination, precedent, citation, petitioner, respondent.