Using the Chi-Square Test for Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data Example 1 Statistics can be used to determine if differences among groups are significant, or simply the result of predictable error. The statistical test most frequently used to determine whether data obtained experimentally provide a good fit or approximation to the expected or theoretical data is the chi-square test. This test can be used to determine if deviations from the expected values are due to chance alone, or to some other circumstance. For example, consider corn seedlings resulting from an F, cross between parents that are heterozygous for color. A Punnett square of the F, cross Gg X Gg would predict that the expected proportion of green:albino seedlings would be 3:1. Use this information to fill in the Expected (e) column and the (o-e) column in Table 7.3