Using the vehicle performance and life cycle inventory data provided below, estimate the wellto$-$wheel $($WTW$)$ GHG emissions for a battery electric vehicle operating in $2020,2030,2040,$ and $2050.$ Use a functional unit of $1km$ driven.

Fuel economy: $201W\frac{h}{k}m$

Electric vehicle charger efficiency: $85\%$

Vehicle lifetime: $173,151km$

Vehicle life cycle: $10\mathrm{.}9$ tonnes $C{O}_2$ eq$/$vehicle lifetime

What impacts does a changing electricity grid have on the WTW emissions from battery electric vehicles in over the next $30$ years? If you were designing an LCA to gauge the potential benefits of electric vehicle adoption, what would you recommend using as an emissions factor for electricity?