V enter. 1.2 Virtual Machine CONCEPT 3. What is meant by a one-to-many relationship when comparing a high-level language to machine language? 4. Explain the concept of portability as it applies to programming languages. 5. Is the assembly language for x86 processors the same as those for computer systems such as the Vax or Motorola 68x00? 6. Give an example of an embedded systems application. 7. What is a device driver? 8. Do you suppose type checking on pointer variables is stronger (stricter) in assembly lan- guage, or in C and C++? 9. Name two types of applications that would be better suited to assembly language than a high-level language. 10. Why would a high-level language not be an ideal tool for writing a program that directly accesses a printer port? 11. Why is assembly language not usually used when writing large application programs? 12. Challenge: Translate the following C++ expression to assembly language, using the example presented earlier in this chapter as a guide: X = (Y* 4) + 3. code, providing access to hardware details. 1.1.3 Section Review 1. How do assemblers and linkers work together? 2. How will studying assembly language enhance your understanding of operating systems