Value error invalid mode. How do i fix?

import pandas as pd

def proportion$\_$of$\_$education$()$:

file$1=$open$(\text{'}r\text{'},"/$Users$/$reneewalden$/$Desktop$/$NISPUF$17.$csv$")$

$df=pd.$ read$\_$csv$(\text{'}r\text{'},"/$Users$/$reneewalden$/$Desktop$/$NISPUF$17.$csv$")$

education$\_$counts$=$df $[\text{'}$EDUC$1\text{'}].$value$\_$counts $()$

total$=$len$(df)$

education$\_$proportions$=$education$\_$counts$/$total

result$=\{"$less than high school": education$\_$proportions $[1],$

"high school": education$\_$proportions $[2],$

"more than high school but no college": education$\_$proportions $[3],$

"college": education$\_$proportions $[4]\}$

return result