Variables Mean SD Honesty Profanity self-report Profanity used

Honesty 7.63 3.00 (0.79)

Profanity self-report 6.51 2.56 0.34*** (0.84)

Profanity used 4.09 2.61 0.20** 0.46*** (-)

Profanity liked 1.60 1.62 0.13* 0.41*** 0.45***

* p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.

The numbers in parentheses are coefficient alphas. Notice that these are at the intersections of the variables with themselves - for example, the intersection of the row and the column for "Honesty." From these, we can get a sense that the "Honesty" and "Profanity self-report" measures are reliable, given that they have large coefficient alphas of 0.79 and 0.84, respectively.

Why is there no coefficient alpha for "Profanity used?" (The same is true for " Profanity liked.") Hint: Thaink about how coefficient alpha is calculated.)

a. There were not enough participants in the study to calculate coefficient alpha for the "Profanity used" measure.

b. The measure is not valid; therefore, we know it cannot be reliable.

c. There is only one item for this measure, the number of words participants listed as frequently used curse words. We cannot calculate coefficient alpha with measures with just one of them.

d. We cannot calculate coefficient alpha when a measure is not reliable; therefore, the absence of a coefficient alpha indicates that the researchers did not find the measure to be reliable.