Vulnerabilities in a software or hardware system are not always known. The ones that are not known are called zero$-$day vulnerabilities because once they are discovered by the adversary, you have zero days to do something. The vendors usually find a solution as soon as they discover a zero$-$day vulnerability and contact the buyers directly to either update their software or send them the solution. This design practice is called

backups and restorations.

logging and auditing.

usability.

updates and patches.

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