Cendana Berhad has issued 170,000,000 ordinary shares of RM1 each as at 1 January 2020. During the current year ended 31 December 2020, the following share transactions were undertaken by the company:

31 March 2020 Issued 80,000,000 ordinary shares for cash at a price of RM6 per share

31 October 2020 Bought back 30,000,000 ordinary shares an average price of RM6.50 per share

Net profit attributable to ordinary shares for the year ended 31 December 2020 was RM83,500,000

REQUIRED:

Compute the basic EPS for Cerdas Bhd for the year ended 31 December 2020.

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Here is a Python dictionary of the relative frequency of letters in English text: { "A": .08167, "B": .01492, "C": .02782, "D": 04253, "E": 12702, "F": .02228, "G": .02015, "H": .06094, "I": .06966, "J": .00153, "K": .00772, "L": .04025, "M": .02406, "N": 06749, "0": .07507, "P": .01929, "Q": .00095, "R": .05987, "S": .06327, "T": .09056, "U": .02758, "V": .00978, "W": .02360, "X": .00150, "Y": .01974, "Z": .00074 } Here is some plaintext: ethicslawanduniversitypolicieswarningtodefendasystemyouneedtobeabletot hinklikeanattackerand that includes understandingtechniques that canbeusedt ocompromisesecurityhoweverusingthose techniques intherealworldmayviolate thelawortheuniversitysrulesanditmaybeunethicalundersome circumstancesev enprobingforweaknessesmayresultinseverepenaltiesuptoandincludingexpuls ioncivilfinesandjailtimeourpolicyineecsisthatyoumustrespecttheprivacya ndpropertyrightsof othersatalltimesorelseyouwill fail the courseactinglawf ullyandethicallyisyourresponsibility carefullyreadthe computerfraudandab useactcfaaafederalstatute thatbroadlycriminalizes computerintrusionthisi soneof severallaws that governhackingunderstand what thelawprohibitsifindou btwecanreferyoutoanattorneyplease reviewitsspolicies onresponsibleuseoft concerningproper echnologyresourcesandcaenspolicydocumentsforguidelines The population variance of a finite population X of size N and mean u is given by N Var(X) Σ(x; -μ). i=1 (a) What is the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in English text? (b) What is the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in the given plaintext? (c) For each of the following keys-yz, xyz, wxyz, vwxyz, uvwxyz-encrypt the plaintext with a Vigenère cipher and the given key, then calculate and report the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in the resulting ciphertext. Describe and briefly explain the trend in this sequence of variances. (d) Viewing a Vigenère key of length k as a collection of k independent Caesar ciphers, calculate the mean of the frequency variances of the ciphertext for each one. (E.g., for key yz, calculate the frequency variance of the even numbered ciphertext characters and the frequency variance of the odd numbered ciphertext characters. Then take their mean.) Report the result for each key in part (c). Is the mean variance like those observed in part (b)? Part (c)? Briefly explain. (e) Consider the ciphertext that was produced with key uvwxyz. In part (d), you calculated the mean of six variances for this key. Revisit that ciphertext, and calculate the mean of the frequency variances that arise if you had assumed that the key had length 2, 3, 4, and 5. Does this suggest a variant to the Kasiski attack? (Don't say no!) Briefly explain. Here is a Python dictionary of the relative frequency of letters in English text: { "A": .08167, "B": .01492, "C": .02782, "D": 04253, "E": 12702, "F": .02228, "G": .02015, "H": .06094, "I": .06966, "J": .00153, "K": .00772, "L": .04025, "M": .02406, "N": 06749, "0": .07507, "P": .01929, "Q": .00095, "R": .05987, "S": .06327, "T": .09056, "U": .02758, "V": .00978, "W": .02360, "X": .00150, "Y": .01974, "Z": .00074 } Here is some plaintext: ethicslawanduniversitypolicieswarningtodefendasystemyouneedtobeabletot hinklikeanattackerand that includes understandingtechniques that canbeusedt ocompromisesecurityhoweverusingthose techniques intherealworldmayviolate thelawortheuniversitysrulesanditmaybeunethicalundersome circumstancesev enprobingforweaknessesmayresultinseverepenaltiesuptoandincludingexpuls ioncivilfinesandjailtimeourpolicyineecsisthatyoumustrespecttheprivacya ndpropertyrightsof othersatalltimesorelseyouwill fail the courseactinglawf ullyandethicallyisyourresponsibility carefullyreadthe computerfraudandab useactcfaaafederalstatute thatbroadlycriminalizes computerintrusionthisi soneof severallaws that governhackingunderstand what thelawprohibitsifindou btwecanreferyoutoanattorneyplease reviewitsspolicies onresponsibleuseoft concerningproper echnologyresourcesandcaenspolicydocumentsforguidelines The population variance of a finite population X of size N and mean u is given by N Var(X) Σ(x; -μ). i=1 (a) What is the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in English text? (b) What is the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in the given plaintext? (c) For each of the following keys-yz, xyz, wxyz, vwxyz, uvwxyz-encrypt the plaintext with a Vigenère cipher and the given key, then calculate and report the population variance of the relative letter frequencies in the resulting ciphertext. Describe and briefly explain the trend in this sequence of variances. (d) Viewing a Vigenère key of length k as a collection of k independent Caesar ciphers, calculate the mean of the frequency variances of the ciphertext for each one. (E.g., for key yz, calculate the frequency variance of the even numbered ciphertext characters and the frequency variance of the odd numbered ciphertext characters. Then take their mean.) Report the result for each key in part (c). Is the mean variance like those observed in part (b)? Part (c)? Briefly explain. (e) Consider the ciphertext that was produced with key uvwxyz. In part (d), you calculated the mean of six variances for this key. Revisit that ciphertext, and calculate the mean of the frequency variances that arise if you had assumed that the key had length 2, 3, 4, and 5. Does this suggest a variant to the Kasiski attack? (Don't say no!) Briefly explain.

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

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