$**$Water$-$Supply and Storm$-$Water System Design in Civil Engineering$**$

Water$-$supply and storm$-$water system design are vital components of civil engineering that involve the planning, analysis, and implementation of systems to ensure the efficient supply of clean water and proper management of storm$-$water runoff. These systems play a crucial role in providing safe and sustainable water resources to communities.

Here is a brief explanation of water$-$supply and storm$-$water system design:

$1.**$Water$-$Supply System Design$**$: Water$-$supply system design focuses on the provision of clean and safe drinking water to communities. It involves the following key considerations:a$.**$Source Selection$**$: Identifying and assessing potential water sources such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, or reservoirs based on availability, quality, and sustainability.b$.**$Treatment Process$**$: Designing appropriate treatment processes to remove contaminants and ensure compliance with water quality standards. This may include processes such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and more.c$.**$Distribution Network$**$: Designing the network of pipes, valves, pumps, and storage facilities to ensure efficient water distribution to consumers. Factors such as pipe sizing, pressure management, and hydraulic analysis are considered to optimize the system's performance.

$2.**$Storm$-$Water System Design$**$: Storm$-$water system design aims to manage and control the flow of rainwater and prevent flooding or damage to infrastructure. Key aspects of storm$-$water system design include:a$.**$Drainage Planning$**$: Assessing the topography and land use to determine the drainage needs of an area. This involves identifying catchment areas, determining flow paths, and selecting appropriate drainage techniques.b$.**$Storm$-$Water Collection$**$: Designing a network of gutters, pipes, channels, and storage facilities to collect and convey storm$-$water runoff to suitable discharge points. Proper sizing and hydraulic analysis ensure efficient conveyance and prevent system overload.c$.**$Storm$-$Water Detention and Treatment$**$: Incorporating features such as detention ponds, retention basins, and treatment devices to manage storm$-$water quantity and quality. These features help control peak flows, remove pollutants, and promote infiltration.

Objective Question:

Based on the information provided, here's an objective question for you:

What is the primary goal of storm$-$water system design?

A$)$ To provide clean drinking water to communities B$)$ To manage and control the flow of rainwater C$)$ To optimize water distribution to consumers D$)$ To remove contaminants from water sources

Please select the correct answer from the given choices.