We are a non-traditional organization in many ways, which makes it difficult to clearly define industry norms. That said, we tend to follow more of a bottom-up approach to budgeting. While our funds are not unlimited, project tasks often determine their own budgets based on specific needs. Because we operate in various parts of the world for different purposes, we are constantly adjusting our budgets (which I consider to be a soft budget in most cases) to ensure each project has the resources it needs. We also strive to maintain consistency in the level of output across similar projects. Stakeholders have a limited influence on our budgeting methods. In many cases, the final product or outcome drives the budgeting process more than external input. As a society that is not highly technological, I'd say technology has some influence on our operations. We use standard tools, but we don't review or update them frequently enough for them to have a major impact on our budgeting or project management practices, although we should