We discussed $$Adverse Selection$$ and how this is mitigated by Underwriting $($charging high risk subscribers a higher premium$).$ We also discussed $$Moral Hazard$$ and how this is mitigated through underwriting. Basically, these two mechanisms shift more personal financial liability and accountability for healthcare expenses onto the individual subscriber. What are other ways that insurers or the healthcare industry itself could shift more of the costs and financial responsibilities from the $3$rd party payors and providers onto the individuals that are directly receiving services. How might this improve$/$degrade quality or increase$/$decrease costs??