We learned three types of cache$-$poisoning attacks in class: ARP spoofing, BGP hijacking, and DNS poisoning.

Answer the following questions

Q$1\mathrm{.}1$: What is the ARP spoofing attack? Why is this attack limited to local networks rather than over the internet?

Q$1\mathrm{.}2$: Give an example to explain the DNS Poisoning attack. Why can a DNS cache be easily poisoned and how

to prevent it$?$

Q$1\mathrm{.}3$: Why is it easy to recover from a BGP hijacking of $124\mathrm{.}48\mathrm{.}72\mathrm{.}0/16$ but difficult to recover from a BGP

hijacking of $123\mathrm{.}23\mathrm{.}89\mathrm{.}0/24?$