What are the key principles and methodologies involved in the analysis and design of transportation systems? Investigate the interdisciplinary aspects of transportation engineering, including traffic flow theory, geometric design, pavement analysis, and transportation planning. Delve into the theoretical foundations of traffic engineering, such as traffic flow models, capacity analysis, and level of service criteria, to understand the behavior of vehicles and the interaction between transportation infrastructure and users. Examine the role of geometric design principles in ensuring safe and efficient traffic operations, considering factors such as sight distance, horizontal and vertical alignment, and intersection design. Explore the methodologies for evaluating pavement performance and durability, including pavement design methods, materials selection, and maintenance strategies, to sustainably manage transportation infrastructure assets. Critically assess the impact of emerging technologies and evolving transportation trends on the planning and design of future transportation systems, addressing challenges such as urbanization, congestion, and sustainability.