What are the key principles behind the design and construction of sustainable drainage systems $($SuDS$)$ to manage stormwater runoff and reduce flooding in urban areas? Discuss the concepts of SuDS components, including permeable pavements, green roofs, and rain gardens, in promoting infiltration, storage, and treatment of stormwater close to its source. How do factors like land use planning, soil characteristics, and rainfall patterns influence the effectiveness of SuDS in reducing flood risk and improving water quality? Furthermore, elaborate on the importance of community engagement and stakeholder involvement in implementing SuDS to enhance urban resilience and sustainability.