What are the main principles behind the design and construction of sustainable urban heat island $($UHI$)$ mitigation strategies, such as cool roofs, green spaces, and reflective pavements? How do engineers integrate UHI mitigation principles, such as albedo enhancement, evapotranspiration, and thermal comfort, into urban planning projects? How do factors like urban density, climate conditions, and community engagement impact the effectiveness and adoption of UHI mitigation measures?