What are the three primary ways in which technical standards emerge in an industry?

a$.$

By reducing the costs associated with making sure that products work well with each other, by reducing the risks associated with supplying complementary products, and by reducing confusion in the minds of consumers

b$.$

By establishing a monopoly in the market, by reducing production costs, and by increasing profitability

c$.$

By setting standards through industry associations, through cooperation among businesses, and through market demand

d$.$

By lobbying the government to mandate a standard, through cooperation among businesses, and through market demand

e$.$

By reducing the risks associated with supplying complementary products, by reducing confusion in the minds of consumers, and by ensuring compatibility between products and their complements