What could be the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, measurement method for the article by Ding, L. (2019). Appyling gamifications to asynchronous online discussions: A mixed methods study? 2. State Hypothesis(es): hypothesis meets the following criteria: Experimental Basis: It must be suitable for experimental testing. Directionality: It should be directional, indicating a specific expected outcome. Variables: Has Independent Variable (IV) and a Dependent Variable (DV). Control/Comparison Group: Include a comparison or control group A. WRITE OUT HYPOTHESIS 3. Identify Independent Variables and levels : A. What is/are your independent variable(s)? B. Specify how many different conditions or groups there will be. C. Explain the method for assigning participants to these levels. Will it be random, matched based on certain criteria, or another method? 4. Identify Dependent Variables: A. What is/are your dependent variable(s)? B. Measurement Method: Detail how each dependent variable will be measured. Specify the tools, scales, or instruments you will use and justify why these methods are suitable for your study. The hypothesis should be based off of this exact research proposal: Research Idea 2: Comparing competitive versus cooperative gamified discussion environments