What data do the authors cite to support this$$ hypothesis? Select all that apply.

Hint$$:

Carefully read the last three paragraphs of the paper. Turn on the$$ Glossary, Author's$$ experiments, and Results and conclusions learning lenses.

The Y chromosome contains suspected tumor suppressor genes

$($ZFY

and

UTY$)$

in the$$ male$-$specific part of Y$.$

The LOY mutation has all the characteristics of a passenger$$ mutation, one that does not cause cancer but is acquired by a cell after the cell has become malignant.

LOY was detected in more than$10\%$ of blood cells from about$15\%$ of elderly males in three different groups of men.

An earlier study$($reference #$5)$ found an association between LOY in blood cells and higher risk for nonhematological$$ cancers, so LOY could be considered a biomarker of male carcinogenesis.

Analyses of various tumor collections show LOY in numerous types of tumors in frequencies ranging from$15\%$ to$80\%$ of cells in the tumor.