What does a call provision $[$call feature$]$ allow $[$bond$]$ issuers to do and under what circumstances would they do it$?$

A call provision allows bond issuers to extend the maturity date of the bond if interest rates rise, to avoid paying higher interest rates.

A call provision allows bond issuers to convert the bonds into equity shares if the company's stock price increases significantly.

A call provision allows bond issuers to repay bonds before maturity, typically at a premium. Issuers might use this feature if interest rates drop, allowing them to refinance at a lower rate, or if their credit rating improves, enabling them to reissue debt at better terms. Issuers may also call bonds if they have excess cash to reduce interest expenses.