What does it mean to say that microfinance projects "manufacture" social capital?

Microfinance loans in places such as Paraguay enmesh recipients in relationships of overlapping debts with their neighbours because they have to guarantee each other's loans, put peer pressure on delinquent borrowers, and at the same time engage in economic exchanges with each other.

The social relationships of indebtedness and economic dependency upon which microfinance relies have to be created, they are not preexisting.

The process of creating the kind of social collateral demanded by microfinance programs actively reshaped how people saw themselves, their gender identities, and their relationships to each other.

All of of the above

None of the above