What is a Man$-$in$-$the$-$Middle $($MitM$)$ attack in the context of cryptography?

An attack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties.

An attack that attempts to find collisions in hash functions.

An attack where the attacker tries to decrypt messages by guessing the encryption key.

An attack where the attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the cryptographic algorithm itself.