1. What is aP-value?
2. How can we compute a P-value?
3. Why do smallP-values lead us to reject the null hypothesis is a statistical test?

A P-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It helps us determine the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.

To compute a P-value, we first determine the appropriate test statistic (such as a z-score for population proportions), then use a statistical table or software to find the probability associated with that statistic under the null hypothesis.

Small P-values (typically less than 0.05) indicate that the observed results are unlikely to occur if the null hypothesis were true. This suggests strong evidence against the null, leading us to reject it in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Question

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