1. What is a P-Value?

A.The process used to determine the causal relationship between and exposure and outcome in an entire population based on information obtained about the exposure and outcome relationship from a smaller study sample

B.The probability that an effect as large, or larger, than the observed effect in a particular study could have occurred by chance alone, given that there is truly no relationship between the exposure and the outcome

C.The probability that an effect as large, or larger, than the observed effect in a particular study could have occurred by chance alone, given that there is a relationship between the exposure and the outcome

D.The process used to determine the magnitude of an association between an exposure and outcome in an entire population based on information obtained about the exposure and outcome relationship from a smaller study sample

E.The probability of committing type II error in a study

Which of the following measures is best suited to estimating the probability that an individual will be ill at a specific point (e.g., date) in time?

A.None of the above

B.Incidence rate

C.Count

D.Case-fatality rate

E.Prevalence