What is overfitting in machine learning?

a$)$ Overfitting occurs when a model has high complexity and captures both information and noise in the training data.

b$)$ Overfitting occurs when a model has poor performance on the training data.

c$)$ Overfitting is indicated when a model has good performance on the training dataset but relatively poor performance on the testing dataset.

d$)$ Overfitting occurs when a model has good performance on the test data