What is the best example of a first messenger?

Na+, which binds to the Na+/K+ATP pump and is actively transported out of a cell in exchange for K+.
Dystrophin, which associates with costameres to transmit the force of muscle contraction to the extracellular matrix.
Myosin, which binds to actin and causes muscle contraction.
Insulin, which causes the target cell to take up glucose from the blood.


Which molecule of the GPCR-adenylyl cyclase signal transduction system phosphorylates proteins to create the cellular response?

Phosphatase
Inositol triphosphate
Protein kinase C
Protein kinase A

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