What is the "Hawthorne Effect"?

Select one:

a$.$

It refers to the human need for self$-$fulfillment.

b$.$

An increase in employee output is caused by almost any management action which makes workers believe that they are receiving special attention.

c$.$

The observed effect that pay is an important motivator for workers.

d$.$

Increased lighting levels caused increased productivity.

e$.$

The discovery that the informal group at work can counteract management objectives.