What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps) for each of four client-to-server pairs, assuming that the middle link is fair-shared (i.e., divides its transmission rate equally among the four pairs)?

		20 Mbps
		25 Mbps
		40 Mbps
		100 Mbps

Which link is the bottleneck link?

		The links from the servers to the shared link
		The middle link
		The links from the shared middle link to the clients
		None of the above

Assuming that the senders are sending at the maximum rate possible, what are the link utilizations for the sender links (R_s), client links (R_c), and the middle link (R)?

		The utilization of server links is 25% (25Mbps/100Mbps). The utilization of receiver links is 62.5% (25Mbps/40Mbps) . The utilization of the middle link is 100% (25Mbps/25Mbps) .
		The utilization of server links is 100% (100Mbps/100Mbps). The utilization of receiver links is 100% (40Mbps/40Mbps) . The utilization of the middle link is 40% (40Mbps/100Mbps) .
		The utilization of server links is 25% (25Mbps/100Mbps). The utilization of receiver links is 62.5% (25Mbps/40Mbps) . The utilization of the middle link is 40% (40Mbps/100Mbps) .
		None of the above

Consider the scenario shown below, with four different servers connected to four different clients over four three-hop paths. The four pairs share a common middle hop with a transmission capacity of R = 100 Mbps. The four links from the servers to the shared link have a transmission capacity of RS = 100 Mbps. Each of the four links from the shared middle link to a client has a transmission capacity of RC = 40 Mbps per second. R = 100 Mbps Rs 100 Mbps Rs= 100 Mbps R = 100 Mbps R = 100 Mbps Rc= 40 Mbps Rc= 40 Mbps Rc= 40 Mbps Rr= 40 Mbps What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps) for each of four client-to-server pairs, assuming that the middle link is fair-shared (i.e., divides its transmission rate equally among the four pairs)