What is the primary criterion for determining the rightness or wrongness of an action in utilitarianism? * A) Adherence to moral rules B) Maximization of individual rights C) Promotion of happiness and avoidance of pain D) Fulfillment of duties and obligations What distinguishes act utilitarianism from rule utilitarianism? * A) Act utilitarianism focuses on consequences for individual acts, while rule B) Act utilitarianism prioritizes duty, while rule utilitarianism prioritizes happiness. C) Act utilitarianism emphasizes intellectual pleasure, while rule utilitarianism D) Act utilitarianism advocates for individual freedom, while rule utilitarianism advocates What is the aim of taxation in terms of distributive justice? * A) To promote equality of wealth B) To minimize government intervention C) To ensure just compensation for public services D) To discourage personal wealth accumulation Which moral framework focuses on the promotion of the common good? * A) Utilitarianism B) Deontology C) Virtue ethics D) Ethical egoism Who is considered the founder of utilitarianism? * A) John Stuart Mill B) Immanuel Kant C) Richard T. Garner D) Jeremy Bentham What concept does distributive justice primarily concern? * A) Equality of opportunity B) Equal distribution of wealth C) Justice in legal proceedings D) Fair allocation of goods and privileges How does the consequentialist framework differ from deontology? * A) Consequentialism focuses on consequences, while deontology focuses on B) Deontology prioritizes happiness, while consequentialism prioritizes duty. C) Consequentialism emphasizes social justice, while deontology emphasizes individual D) Deontology advocates for collective welfare, while consequentialism advocates for