What is the primary purpose of classification in data mining?

Question $28$ options:

a$)$

To predict the numeric value of items.

b$)$

To discover natural groupings of objects without predefined labels.

c$)$

To reduce the computational costs involved in data processing.

d$)$

To assign new instances into predefined groups or classes based on past data.

e$)$

To enforce learning processes through supervised mechanisms.