Question: What is the purpose for using an initialization vector (IV) in conjunction with a block cipher? What is the name of the attack that is

What is the purpose for using an initialization vector (IV) in conjunction with a block cipher? What is the name of the attack that is mitigated by using an IV. (This attack allowed Alan Turing to shorten world war II and save millions of lives.) (For those WWW surfers out there do not mention the openSSL BEAST attack. It might come up in a google search, but, unfortunately, Alan Turing didn't live long enough to enjoy the experience of using a WWW browser.)

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