What theoretical frameworks underpin civil engineering practices? How do principles of mechanics, materials science, and structural analysis inform the design and construction of infrastructure? How do concepts from fluid dynamics and hydraulics contribute to the design of water supply systems and drainage networks? What role does geotechnical engineering play in understanding soil behavior and foundation design? How do environmental considerations, such as sustainability and resilience, influence engineering decisions? How are mathematical models utilized to predict the behavior of structures under various loads and environmental conditions? How do these theoretical foundations evolve with advancements in technology and interdisciplinary collaboration?