2. Developing sustainable cities that can meet the social, environmental and economic needs of the population is a wicked problem. There are many problem areas which could be improved, such as food, energy, health, work, recreation, transport, pollution and waste. (10 Marks) i. ii. iii. iv. V. vi. vii. viii. ix. X. Discuss how Information Technology contributes to this problem and how it could contribute to the 'solution'. You should consider at least two of the following characteristics of a wicked problem as part of your discussion: There is no definitive formulation of a wicked problem. Wicked problems have no stopping rule. Solutions to wicked problems are not true-or-false, but good or bad. There is no immediate and no ultimate test of a solution to a wicked problem. Every solution to a wicked problem is a "one-shot operation"; because there is no opportunity to learn by trial and error, every attempt counts significantly. Wicked problems do not have an enumerable (or an exhaustively describable) set of potential solutions, nor is there a well-described set of permissible operations that may be incorporated into the plan. Every wicked problem is essentially unique. Every wicked problem can be considered to be a symptom of another problem. The existence of a discrepancy representing a wicked problem can be explained in numerous ways. The choice of explanation determines the nature of the problem's resolution. The social planner has no right to be wrong (i.e., planners are liable for the consequences of the actions they generate).