When American Express ran advertising designed to create the misperception that they were a sponsor of the Olympics when the real sponsor was Visa, American Express was engaged in a strategy known as _________ marketing.

1. a) leveraged
2. b) co-mingling
3. c) contradictory
4. d) ambush

MC 9 Visa is the official credit card of the Olympic Games. Their contract ensures that other credit card companies such as American Express and MasterCard cannot be involved as an official sponsor. This sponsorship component is recognized as:

1. a) protectionism
2. b) activation
3. c) exclusive distribution
4. d) category exclusivity
5. e) sponsorship embargo